On September 11th 2001 the United States was victim to the worse terrorist attack in history. Nearly three thousand innocent civilians lost their lives to this horrific act of violence and hatred. Al-Qaeda, the terrorist organization allegedly responsible for the destruction, had been operating out of remote parts of Afghanistan. Even though not a single hijacker from any of the planes was from Afghanistan (most were from Saudi Arabia and Egypt), the Bush administration quickly mobilized the armed forces, obtained the politically dubious AUMF from a jingoistic Congress, and invaded the country in October with it’s NATO allies. These events rapidly transpired in a political and social climate of despair, rage, fear and feverish nationalism. What began as a counter-terrorism operation to hunt down those who orchestrated 9-11 became a “global war on terror” that engulfed much of the Middle East and parts of Africa. Now, after 20 years of military occupation, the U.S. government has finally negotiated an end to the war with the Taliban, and has withdrawn it’s soldiers. The recent evacuations have been predictably chaotic, with hundreds of thousands desperately trying to escape.This entirely preventable tragedy deserves critical examination and moral reflection. Not only for the damage already done, but for the suffering that will inevitably endure. Both Afghanistan and the United States will never be the same again.
During the 1980’s, the CIA backed the mujahideen insurgents against the Soviet Union, who had intervened in Afghanistan to support it’s recently formed socialist government, first under Nur Muhammad Taraki. According to former Secretary of Defense and CIA director Robert Gates, the agency was supporting the rebels six months before the Kremlin sent it’s army to Afghanistan [1]. By his own admission, this was a deliberate effort to lure Russia into the territory. This claim was again substantiated by former National Security advisor Zbigniew Brzezinski. Billions of dollars, in addition to weapons, logistics, and even training, was channeled into supporting these “holy warriors” during the proxy war. The strategy was to create a Vietnam like quagmire for the USSR, bleeding it dry by exhausting its military and economic resources. Thus Afghanistan became another staging ground for a cold-war conflict between two foreign super-powers, the U.S. and the USSR. For Afghan’s, it was a brutal civil war, between the socialist central government and Islamic fundamentalist rebels. By 1988 President Mikhail Gorbachev agreed to withdraw the soviet troops. By 1989, the Berlin wall between East and West Germany had fallen. By 1991 the Soviet Union collapsed. Back in Afghanistan, many of the former members of the mujahideen would be recruited to Al-Qaeda, or splinter off to join the Taliban. Among their ranks was a man from a wealthy family who had close connections to Saudi Arabia’s royalty. His name was Osama Bin Laden.
The astonishing irony here bears repeating. This colossal miscalculation was made with incredible hubris, and the eventual tragedy on 9-11 was made all the more painful for it. The intelligence community have coined a term for this. Its known as “blowback”, which describes unintended consequences occurring from clandestine U.S. foreign policy. While the U.S.G (might) have been blindsided by Al-Qaeda’s attacks on American soil, Bin Laden’s motivations were perfectly understood. Throughout the 1990’s, Osama Bin Laden explicitly stated his reasons for escalating hostilities against the United States. He opposed the U.S. governments support for Israel, and the continued military presence in Saudi Arabia following the Gulf War. Nevertheless, his Fatawā was effectively ignored. It began with the 1993 bombing of the world trade center. This was followed by coordinated assaults on American embassies in Kenya and Tanzania. In 1999, President Clinton imposed sanctions against Afghanistan, in hopes they would turn over Bin Laden to U.S. authorities for prosecution. Like virtually all sanctions of this kind, it did nothing to achieve its goals, and only made life harder for the average Afghan, the majority who lived in poverty. In October of 2000, suicide bombers attacked the USS Cole that was anchored in the Yemeni port of Aden. The most powerful, technologically sophisticated intelligence community in the world was either incapable or unwilling to properly address this growing threat to national security. At the turn of the 21st century, their failure played out in New York City and Washington D.C.
An important part of the official mythology around the Afghanistan war needs to be corrected in the public’s consciousness. While the terrorist attack on September 11th was the catalyst of the invasion, it was not it’s genesis. In 2004, former Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld testified (skip to 1:35.00) before the the 9-11 commission that the plan to pursue regime change in Afghanistan was made long in advance. He cited national security presidential directive nine (NSPD9, for short) as being drafted in the spring of the same year and awaiting the presidents signature by summer. The directive was modified after the attacks, and the framework for a new national security state came into existence shortly after. Another persistent deception that was solidified into official orthodoxy was the inevitability of war against the Taliban, who was accused of offering sanctuary to Osama Bin Laden and his terrorist network. It has created the impression that the only remaining option was a full-scale military campaign. This is an incontrovertible falsehood. The Taliban had offered to capture and extradite Bin Laden to a third-party to stand trial if U.S. authorities could provide evidence of his guilt in the September 11th attacks. The Bush administration refused. After the bombing campaign began, the Taliban again tried to negotiate, offering Osama Bin Laden so long as the bombing ceased. Again, the Bush administration and his Neo-conservative cohorts rejected any deal. In December of 2001, then leader of the Taliban, Mohammed Omar, offered to surrender to the U.S. and NATO forces. His offer was denied, and the war continued. The mission of apprehending the terrorists behind 9-11 and destroying Al-Qaeda was immediately changed to overthrowing the government of Afghanistan and creating a regime that would be subservient to Washington. This was no longer merely about retribution, or justice for the victims. It was about expanding the U.S. empire into a geopolitically strategic territory, sharing a border with Iran, and numerous former states of the Soviet Union. The initial authority granted to the military under the AUMF for the limited purpose of assassinating or detaining Osama Bin Laden and destroying his international network was manipulated into a carte blanche to serve a greater imperialistic agenda.
The psychotic appetite for violence, arrogance, or simple vacuity of the politicians and war planners behind the occupation of Afghanistan is extraordinary. Yet their monomaniacal quest to transform the country into a colony under U.S. control came at a horrifying cost. While there is no way to quantify the profound suffering of the Afghan people, there have been credible studies to calculate the casualties of the war. According to Brown University’s Costs of War project, more than 241,000 people have been murdered in Afghanistan and Pakistan. Approximately 71,000 have been civilians. Then there are the millions of refugees who have been forced out of their homes, their cities and villages obliterated by U.S and NATO airstrikes. Additionally, nearly 2,500 U.S. soldiers, and nearly 4,000 U.S. contractors were killed. Roughly 20,000 have been wounded. For all of the blood spilled, and the human lives needlessly sacrificed, the war also came at a staggering economic cost. It is estimated that the U.S. government has spent around $2 trillion. In 2015, Wikileaks published “The Wikileaks Files: The world according to US Empire” , based off of tens of thousands of secret documents. On the chapter concerning Afghanistan, they report ” Since October of 2001, US taxpayers have paid about $715 billion for the war in Afghanistan alone. That translates into more than $10 million every hour- every day, every year since 2001″ (pg. 387). And that was six years ago. More recently, according to the Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction report (abbreviated SIGAR) “A 2021 SIGAR report found that the United States has spent nearly $7.8 billion on capital assets in Afghanistan, including buildings, transmission lines and substations, roads and bridges, motor vehicles and aircraft. Of that total, nearly 31 percent- $2.4 billion, was spent on assets that were not being used as intended, remain unused, or have been abandoned or destroyed” (pg. 39). It should come as no surprise there was widespread fraud. One can only imagine how that money could have instead been used to improve the standard of living for the American citizenry. While it might have been an egregious waste of money for the public, a small number of U.S. defense contractors saw massive profits. This was a once in a generation opportunity, and the military industrial complex thrived like never before. For corporations like Raytheon, Lockheed Martin, Northrop Grumman, and others, the war in Afghanistan was unfathomably good business. Many of their executives are likely disappointed at the withdrawal.
It wasn’t just the defense contractors who were building vast fortunes from the occupation. The land was torn apart and left vulnerable to plunder and lucrative exploitation. One of the largest scale projects was the ambitious TAPI pipeline.The $7.6 Billion pipeline would carry natural gas through Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and India. The energy industries in each participating country, along with their bureaucratic agencies, could anticipate windfall gains. But the abundance of natural resources in ancient Afghanistan go even deeper. The Department of Defense discovered potentially trillions of dollars worth of mineral deposits in the earth. For the legions of covetous foreign investors, vast quantities of gold, iron, copper, aluminum are tremendous temptations. But the greatest prize of all might be the significant veins of lithium, which is used to manufacture many consumer electronics, including rechargeable batteries. Of particular interest to the political elite in the U.S, it can be used in the development of rocket fuel and thermonuclear weapons. The rapacious looting of Afghanistan by the United States and it’s allies can only be compared to the old conquests of the Holy Roman Empire.
So now the United States is ostensibly ending it’s longest war, being decidedly defeated by an enemy is helped create 40 years ago. It remains to be seen to what extent the CIA’s lethal drone program continues. Another matter of concern is possible covert Special Forces launching assaults from bases in neighboring countries. Still, it is the complete withdrawal of the U.S. military that seems to signal the long overdue end of occupation. During the course of the war, the United States was fundamentally transformed. It massively expanded it’s surveillance apparatus, which systematically violates the privacy of millions of people, at home and abroad. It implemented a secret “enhanced interrogation” program, which is just the Deep State’s euphemism for torture. It should be noted that torture is both unconstitutional (Amendment VIII) and illegal under multiple treaties within international law, which the U.S. government is a signatory to. The national security state harnessed the war on terror and used it to greatly diminish civil liberties domestically, while creating entirely new agencies and departments like the TSA and DHS. All of this resulted in enormous increases to defense spending, while subsequently adding trillions of dollars to the unsustainable national debt.
Afghanistan now lays in complete ruins. The vaunted Afghan security forces were effortlessly routed by the Taliban. President Ashraf Ghani fled the country as they quickly advanced upon Kabul. The U.S. has left some $90 billion dollars worth of military equipment during it’s humiliating retreat in the hands of the victorious Taliban. Now the populace will be once again subjected to the oppressive rule of this fanatical, theocratic militaristic organization. It goes without saying these advocates of Sharia law despise western liberalism, human rights, and more generally anything that can be attributed to modernity. No amount of reparations will be able to repair the damage inflicted upon society in Afghanistan as a direct result of U.S. foreign policy.
Ten years after the enigmatic [2] assassination of Osama Bin Laden, it is only fair, believing in the principle everyone should be treated equally before the law, that the world now turn it’s attention to those in power who are responsible for the complete destruction of Afghanistan. These morally reprehensible crimes must be answered for. And time is running out. Many of the chief architects of the war in Afghanistan are getting on in age. Many effusively adoring obituaries were written in the mainstream press after former Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld passed away in June. But there is an ethical obligation in society to bring these warmongers to justice. The victims of the war, both in the Middle East and the United States, deserve as much. A shortlist of the perpetrators would include President George W. Bush (he can continue his painting hobby in prison). Vice President Dick Cheney, Secretary of State Colin Powell and his successor Condoleezza Rice, Director of the CIA George Tenet, Director of the NSA Michael Hayden, Director of the FBI Robert Mueller, Chairman of Joint Chief of Staff Richard Myers, and their British co-conspirator Prime Minister Tony Blair. While their prosecutions cannot reverse the catastrophic consequences of their malevolent decisions, it would prove to the international community that no one, not even those who plot to rule over the world, are above the law. It wouldn’t be enough to dismantle the U.S. empire’s military and economic hegemony, but it would be an inspiring beginning.
“War is the faro table of governments, the nations the dupes of the games” -Thomas Paine, Rights of Man
To contact the author of this article, please write to Quinctius1991@protonmail.com
[1] “Blowback: The costs and consequences of American Empire” . Second edition, 2004. Chalmers Johnson.
[2] The legendary investigative journalist Seymour Hersh claims the circumstances surrounding Bin Laden’s death are quite different from the official narrative that was pushed by the Obama administration. You can watch an insightful interview he gives on the subject here.